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რითი განსხვავდება ერთმანეთსგან COVID-19 და გრიპი? | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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რითი განსხვავდება ერთმანეთსგან COVID-19 და გრიპი?

თარიღი: 08 მარტი, 2020

ტრანსმისიის სისწრაფე ერთ-ერთი განმასხვავებელი ნიშანია მოცემულ ორ ვირუსულ დაავადებას შორის. გრიპს, COVID-19-თან შედარებით, აქვს შედარებით ხანმოკლე მედიანური ინკუბაციური პერიოდი (დრო ინფიცირებიდან სიმპტომების გაჩენამდე) და სერიული ინტერვალი (დრო ძირითადი შემთხვევის სიმპტომების დაწყებიდან შემდეგი შემთხვევის სიმპტომების დაწყებამდე). მიჩნეულია, რომ COVID-19-ის სერიული ინტერვალი 5-6 დღეს შეადგენს, ხოლო გრიპის შემთხვევაში - 3 დღეს. ეს ნიშნავს, რომ გრიპი COVID-19-ზე სწრაფად ვრცელდება.
დამატებით, ტრანსმისია ავადობის პირველ 3-5 დღეს ან პოტენციური პრე-სიმპტომური ტრანსმისია (ვირუსის ტრანსმისია სიმპტომების გაჩენამდე) წარმოადგენს ძირითად მამოძრავებელ ფაქტორს გრიპის გავრცელებისათვის. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ COVID-19 შესაძლებელია სიმპტომების გამოვლენამდე 24-48 საათით ადრეც გავრცელდეს დაავადებულიდან ჯანმრთელ ადამიანზე, ამჟამად, აღნიშნული თვისება არ არის მიჩნეული როგორც დაავადების გავრცელების მნიშვნელოვანი ფაქტორი.
რეპროდუქციის ციფრი / კონტაგიოზურობის ინდექსი (ერთი შემთხვევიდან რამდენი მეორადი შემთხვევის გამოწვევა არის შესაძლებელი) COVID-19-ის შემთხვევაში 2-დან 2.5-მდე მერყეობს, რაც გრიპთან შედარებით მაღალი მაჩვენებელია. თუმცა, ორივე დაავადების შემთხვევაში შეფასება კონტექსტის და დროის ფაქტორის შესაბამისად უნდა მოხდეს, რაც ართულებს პირდაპირი შედარების შესაძლებლობას.
ბავშვები მნიშვნელოვან როლს ასრულებენ გრიპის საზოგადოებაში გასავრცელებლად. COVID-19-ის შემთხვევაში, ამჟამინდელ ცნობებზე დაყრდნობით, ბავშვებზე, ზრდასრულებთან შედარებით, დაავადება ნაკლებ ზეგავლენას ახდენს და კლინიკური დაზიანებადობის მაჩვენებელი დაბალია 0-19 ასაკობრივ ჯგუფში. ასევე, ჩინეთში ჩატარებული კვლევების წინასწარი მონაცემებით, ოჯახში დაავადების გავრცელება ხდება მოზრდილებიდან ბავშვებზე და არა პირიქით.
მაშინ, როდესაც ორი ვირუსული დაავადების მიერ გამოწვეული სიმპტომები ერთმანეთის მსგავსია, მძიმე ავადობის შემთხვევაში გარკვეული თავისებურებები მაინც არსებობს. COVID-19-ის შემთხვევაში, შემთხვევების 80% მსუბუქი ან ასიმპტომურია, 15% მძიმედ მიმდინარეობს და ოქსიგენოთერაპიას საჭიროებს, ხოლო 5% კრიტიკულად მძიმეა და ფილტვების ხელოვნური ვენტილაცია არის აუცილებელი. ეს ნაწილი, მძიმე და კრიტიკული შემთხვევების, სავარაუდოდ უფრო მაღალი იქნება ვიდრე ეს შეიმჩნევა გრიპის შემთხვევაში.
გრიპით მძიმე ავადობის ყველაზე მაღალი რისკი არის ბავშვებში, ორსულებში, ხანდაზმულებში, თანმხლები დაავადებისა და სუსტი იმუნიტეტის მქონე პირებში. COVID-19-ის შემთხვევაში, ხანდაზმული ასაკი და თანმხლები დაავადება ზრდის მძიმე ავადობის განვითარების რისკს.
COVID-19-ის ლეტალობა გრიპის ლეტალობაზე მაღალია, განსაკუთრებით სეზონურ გრიპთან შედარებით. COVID-19-ის ჭეშმარიტი სიკვდილიანობის დადგენას გარკვეული პერიოდი დასჭირდება. ამჟამად არსებული მონაცემები აჩვენებს, რომ სიკვდილობის უხეში მაჩვენებელი (ლეტალურად დასრულებული ანგარიშგებული შემთხვევები გაყოფილი სულ ანგარიშგებულ შემთხვევებზე) 3-4%-ის ფარგლებში მერყეობს, თუმცა ლეტალობის მაჩვენებელი (ლეტალურად დასრულებული ანგარიშგებული შემთხვევეის რაოდენობა გაყოფილი ინფიცირებულთა რაოდენობაზე) სავარაუდოდ უფრო დაბალი აღმოჩნდება. სეზონური გრიპის სიკვდილობა ჩვეულებრივ 0.1%-მდეა. ლეტალობა მეტწილად დამოკიდებულია ჯანმრთელობის სერვისების ხელმისაწვდომობასა და მის ხარისხზე.