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რა უნდა ვიცოდეთ სამწვერა ნერვის ანთებაზე | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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რა უნდა ვიცოდეთ სამწვერა ნერვის ანთებაზე

თარიღი: 23 დეკემბერი, 2022

სახის არეში მწვავე ტკივილის ყველაზე ხშირ მიზეზად სამწვერა ნერვის ნევრალგია მიიჩნევა. ამ დიაგნოზს ყოველწლიურად 150 000 ადამიანს უსვამენ მსოფლიოს მასშტაბით. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ეს მდგომარეობა სიცოცხლისთვის საშიში არ არის, სამწვერა ნერვის ნევრალგიით გამოწვეული ტკივილი განსაკუთრებით მწვავეა. კლინიკა „მედცენტრის“ ნევროლოგი შორენა ვაშაძე ამბობს, რომ დაავადება დროული მკურნალობის გარეშე ქრონიკულ ფაზაში გადადის, რაც ნიშნავს, რომ წლების განმავლობაში, მის მაპროვოცირებელ ფაქტორთან შეხებისას, მძიმე ტკივილმა შესაძლოა იჩინოს თავი.

 

ქალბატონო შორენა, რა არის სამწვერა ნერვი?
სამწვერა ნერვი არის თავის ტვინის მეხუთე წყვილი ნერვი. სამწვერა იმიტომ ჰქვია, რომ სამი ტოტი აქვს. ეს არის ერთ-ერთი შერეული ხასიათის ნერვი, აკისრია მოტორული ფუნქციაც და მგრძნობელობითიც. სამწვერა ნერვს აქვს: თვალბუდის ტოტი [აკონტროლებს შეგრძნებას ადამიანის თვალში, ზედა ქუთუთოში და შუბლზე] ზედა ყბის [აკონტროლებს შეგრძნებას ქვედა ქუთუთოში, ლოყაზე, ნესტოში, ზედა ტუჩსა და ზედა ღრძილში] და ქვედა ყბის [მეორე ტოტი აკონტროლებს შეგრძნებას ქვედა ქუთუთოში, ლოყაზე, ნესტოში, ზედა ტუჩსა და ზედა ღრძილში], რომლებიც სხვადასხვა ხვრელის საშუალებით ტოვებენ თავის ქალას.

 

ამ ტოტების დაზიანება ქმნის სიმპტომების მთელ კომპლექსს, მაგრამ ყველაზე მთავარი არის ის, რომ იწვევს ძლიერ ტკივილს, რადგანაც ეს ნერვი მგრძნობელობას განაპირობებს.

 

ამ ტკივილთან ერთად შესაძლებელია პაციენტს აღენიშნებოდეს არტერიული წნევის მატებაც.

 

რა ხდება სამწვერა ნერვის ნევრალგიის მიზეზი?
მიიჩნევა, რომ სამწვერა ნერვის ნევრალგია ხშირად გამოწვეულია სამწვერა ნერვის კომპრესიით (მასზე დაჭერით) ან სხვა სამედიცინო მდგომარეობით, რომელიც გავლენას ახდენს ამ ნერვზე. უმეტესად, მიზეზი პირველადია, ანუ პრობლემა გამოწვეულია სამწვერა ნერვზე ზეწოლით. ხშირ შემთხვევაში სამწვერა ნერვი იჭყლიტება არტერიის ან ვენის მიერ ზეწოლით.

 

მიზეზი შეიძლება იყოს მეორეულიც, როცა სამწვერა ნერვის ნევრალგია გამოწვეულია სხვა სამედიცინო მდგომარეობით ან პრობლემით, მათ შორის, სიმსივნური ან სისხლძარღვოვანი პათოლოგიით. გარდა ამისა, მიზეზები შეიძლება დაკავშირებული იყოს სახის ტრავმასთან: ართრიტთან, გაფანტულ სკლეროზთან, სხვადასხვა ვირუსულ, სისტემურ დაავადებასთან.

 

დაავადება მწვავედ მიმდინარეობს, თუმცა რამდენიმე თვის მანძილზე არმკურნალობის შემთხვევაში სამწვერა ნერვის ნევრიტი გადადის ქრონიკულში, რაც ნიშნავს, რომ დაავადება არის მუდმივად მიმდინარე. ასეთ დროს საკმარისია რაიმე მაპროვოცირებელი ფაქტორის ზეგავლენის ქვეშ მოექცეს ადამიანი, რომ ტკივილმა იჩინოს თავი.

 

რა სიმპტომები ახასიათებს სამწვერა ნერვის ანთებას?
სამწვერა ნერვის ანთების, იგივე ნევრიტის დამახასიათებელი ნიშანია დენის დარტყმასავით, ძლიერი, შეტევითი ხასიათის ტკივილი, რომელიც გრძელდება რამდენიმე წამიდან რამდენიმე წუთის განმავლობაში. როდესაც ხდება ანთებითი პროცესი ანუ ინერვაცია, ძლიერი ხასიათის აუტანელი ტკივილი აღმოცენდება იმ საინერვაციო ზონაში, რომელი ტოტიც არის დაზიანებული.

 

საერთოდ, ტკივილსა და ტკივილს შორის არაფერს არ გრძნობს პაციენტი.

 

aans.org: მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ეს პრობლემა შეიძლება ნებისმიერ ასაკში აღმოცენდეს, ის ყველაზე ხშირად გვხვდება 50 წელზე უფროსი ასაკის ადამიანებში. ნევროლოგიური დარღვევებისა და ინსულტის ეროვნული ინსტიტუტი (NIDS) აღნიშნავს, რომ სამწვერა ნერვის ნევრალგია ორჯერ უფრო ხშირია ქალებში, ვიდრე მამაკაცებში. 

 

რა შეიძლება გახდეს ტკივილის მაპროვოცირებელი?
ყველაზე ხშირად მოდიან გაციების გამო, ადრე ვენტილატორი იყო მიზეზი, ახლა ხშირად კონდიციონერია. ასევე, მაპროვოცირებელი შეიძლება იყოს ცივი საკვების მიღება, ხანგრძლივად ღეჭვა, საუბარი, სიცილი, კბილების გახეხვა ცივი წყლით. 

 

MაyoClynic-ის მიხედვით სხვა მაპროვოცირებელი მიზეზებია:
• წვერის გაპარსვა

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აქტიურად გამოიყენება ბოტულინოტოქსინი, რომლის ინექციებით ხდება სამწვერა ნერვის შესაბამისი ზონის დათრგუნვა და ტკივილის კუპირება. 

 

თუ დაავადების მიზეზი პერიფერიულია, ძალიან მნიშვნელოვანია სითბო.

 

როცა მკურნალობა არ იღებს შედეგს, ტარდება თავის ტვინის მრტ კვლევა, რათა გამოირიცხოს ნერვზე მექანიკური ზეწოლა. ანუ ნერვის შეჭყლეტა ხომ არ გამოიწვია რაიმე სხვა პრობლემამ, მაგალითად, ხომ არ არის სიმსივნური პათოლოგია, სისხლძარღვოვანი პათოლოგია ან რაღაც ისეთი დაზიანება, რომელიც მეორადად იწვევს ტკივილს.

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