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როგორ მოვიქცეთ, როცა წნევის ნიშნულები ერთმანეთს უახლოვდება | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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როგორ მოვიქცეთ, როცა წნევის ნიშნულები ერთმანეთს უახლოვდება

თარიღი: 12 იანვარი, 2023

მაღალი ან დაბალი არტერიული წნევის დროს, მეტ-ნაკლებად გასაგებია რა უნდა მოიმოქმედოს ადამიანმა წნევის დასარეგულირებლად. თუმცა ერთმანეთთან დაახლოებული წნევის ნიშნულები, ცოტათი დაბნეულობას იწვევს.

 

არტერიული წნევის მაჩვენებლები მოცემულია ორ რიცხვში, ზედა რიცხვი – სისტოლური წნევა, არის მაქსიმალური წნევა, რომელსაც გული ავითარებს შეკუმშვებს დროს; ქვედა რიცხვი – დიასტოლური წნევა, არის წნევის სიდიდე თქვენს არტერიებში შეკუმშვათა შორის, ანუ გულის მოდუნების დროს. რა შეიძლება იყოს წნევის ნიშნულების ერთმანეთთან დაახლოების მიზეზი და როგორ მოვიქცეთ ამ დროს? ამ კითხვებზე ექიმი-ნევროლოგი, შორენა კუნჭულია გვპასუხობს.

 

ზედა ნიშნულს (სისტოლურს), რომ გამოვაკლოთ ქვედა (დიასტოლური) ნიშნული, მივიღებთ თქვენს პულსურ წნევას. მაგალითად, თუ დასვენებულ მდგომარეობაში თქვენი არტერიული წნევა არის 120/80 მმ ვწს, თქვენი პულსური წნევა არის 40 მმ ვწს.

 

ქალბატონო შორენა, რა სხვაობა მიიჩნევა ნორმად სისტოლურ და დიასტოლურ წნევებს შორის?

სხვაობა  სისტოლურ და დიასტოლურ წნევას შორის მედიცინაში პულსური წნევა ეწოდება. ჯანსაღ ადამიანს ეს სხვაობა უნდა ჰქონდეს 35-50 მმ ვწს, საუკეთესო შემთხვევაში სხვაობა უნდა იყოს 40-50 მმ ვწს. ამაზე ნაკლები [ან მეტი]  სხვაობა, რა თქმა უნდა, პათოლოგიაა და უნდა ითქვას, რომ პულსური წნევის ზღვარი მნიშვნელოვნად განსაზღვრავს გართულებების განვითარების რისკს.

 

როგორი სიმპტომები ახასიათებს დაბალ პულსურ წნევას?

მას ახასიათებს ისეთივე სიმპტომატიკა, როგორიც მაღალ წნევას, ადვილად დაღლა, ქოშინი, გაფანტულობა, თავის გაბრუება, პულსვადი ხასიათის თავის ტკივილი, დისკომფორტის შეგრძნება გულმკერდის არეში. ცალკეული კონკრეტული ჩივილები დაბალ პულსურ წნევას არ ახასიათებს.

 

რა შეიძლება იყოს დაბალი პულსური წნევის გამომწვევი მიზეზები?

არის რამდენიმე პათოლოგია, რა დროსაც ვითარდება დაბალი პულსური წნევა, მაგალითად,  ტაქიკარდიის (გულის ცემის აჩქარების) დროს, ასევე შეიძლება განვითარდეს ქვედა კიდურების სისხლძარღვების სპაზმის დროს, ანუ როცა სიცივეში ვდგევართ და სპაზმი ხდება, შეიძლება განვითარდეს ჰიპობოლემიის დროს, ანუ მაშინ, როდესაც ვკარგავთ სითხეს. ცხადია, ამ დროს აუცილებლად უნდა გამოირიცხოს გულის და ღვიძლის პათოლოგიები.

 

ერთჯერადად ეს ე.წ. დაახლოებული წნევა შეიძლება გამოიწვიოს ზედმეტმა ფიზიკურმა დატვირთვამ, ან სტრესმა და გადაღლილობამაც. ემოციურ პაციენტებში ვხვდებით ხოლმე, როდესაც 100-80-ზე, ან 90/70-ზე, როცა ნიშნული მათ შორის არის დაბალი და არა 35-50-მმ ვწს-მდე.

 

რა უნდა ვქნათ დაბალი პულსური წნევის დროს?

ცხადია, პირველ რიგში უნდა განისაზღვროს, რა არის პულსური წნევის სიდაბლის მიზეზი, რომ არ გამოგვეპაროს სხვა მეორადი მიზეზი და შესაბამისად უნდა ვუმკურნალოთ ამ მიზეზებს.

 

თუ მეორადი მიზეზებით არის გამოწვეული, მაგალითად გულის არითმია, ქვედა კიდურების სპაზმი თუ სხვა ორგანული მიზეზები, უნდა მოხდეს მიზეზის მკურნალობა.

 

თუ  ის განვითარდა ერთჯერადად მაღალი ფიზიკური აქტიურობის ხარჯზე, რა თქმა უნდა, საჭიროა განტვირთვა, დასვენება და ეს ნიშნული გამოსწორდება. ხშირად ახალგაზრდებში ემოციურობაა მიზეზი, ამ დროს დამამშვიდებლებით, განტვირთვითი თერაპიით, ფსიქოთერაპიით ძალიან კარგ შედეგებს ვაღწევთ.

 

ასევე ერთჯერადად თუ ხდება ისე, რომ წნევის ნიშნულები ერთმანეთს უახლოვდება, ვაკვირდებით გულის წნევას, ანუ თუ წნევის პირველი ნიშნული – დიასტოლური წნევა მაღალია, პირველადი დახმარების სახით პაციენტს ვაძლევთ წნევის მსუბუქად დამაქვეითებლებს (იგივე კაპტოპრილს, ნიფედიპინს), ასევე მცენარეულ დამამშვიდებლებს.

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