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ეპიგენეტიკა — კავშირი ბიოლოგიასა და ფსიქოლოგიას შორის | მენტალური ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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ეპიგენეტიკა — კავშირი ბიოლოგიასა და ფსიქოლოგიას შორის

ეპიგენეტიკა არის ბიოლოგიის დისციპლინა, რომელიც სწავლობს იმას, თუ როგორ გავლენას ახდენს გარე ფაქტორები (მაგ. გარემო, გამოცდილებები, სტრესი, კვება, ემოციები) გენების აქტივობაზე — გენების შეცვლის გარეშე.

სიტყვა "ეპიგენეტიკა" ბერძნულიდან მოდის და ნიშნავს „გენებს მიღმა".

 

ეს ნიშნავს, რომ ჩვენს გენომში არსებული ინფორმაცია უცვლელი რჩება, მაგრამ მისი "წაკითხვის" ან "ჩართვა-გამორთვის" წესი შეიძლება შეიცვალოს იმ გამოცდილების მიხედვით, რასაც ადამიანი ცხოვრებაში გადის.

 

საიდან იღებს სათავეს ეპიგენეტიკა?

ეპიგენეტიკის ფესვები მე-20 საუკუნის შუა პერიოდს უკავშირდება, თუმცა მისი ფართო შესწავლა განსაკუთრებით გაღრმავდა 2000-იანი წლებიდან, ადამიანის გენომის პროექტის დასრულების შემდეგ.

მეცნიერებმა შეამჩნიეს, რომ გენეტიკა მარტო ვერ ხსნის ისეთი ფენომენების ბუნებას, როგორიცაა იდენტური ტყუპების სხვადასხვა ემოციური მდგომარეობა ან მემკვიდრეობით გადაცემული ტრავმული გამოცდილება.

 

როგორია ეპიგენეტიკის როლი ფსიქოლოგიაში?

ეპიგენეტიკა აერთიანებს ბიოლოგიასა და ფსიქოლოგიას და ხსნის, როგორ იჩენს თავს ჩვენი გამოცდილება გენეტიკურ დონეზე. ეს სფერო პასუხობს შეკითხვებს, როგორიცაა:

 

როგორ მოქმედებს ბავშვობის ტრავმა ადამიანის მომავალ ფსიქიკაზე?

შეიძლება თუ არა, რომ სტრესი ან ტრავმა და მათი გავლენები გადაეცეს მომდევნო თაობებს?

როგორ მოქმედებს ემოციური რესურსირება და თერაპია უჯრედულ მეხსიერებაზე?

 

კვლევებმა აჩვენა, რომ ძლიერი ემოციური გამოცდილებები — მაგალითად, მიტოვების შიში, ომი, ძალადობა ან მწვავე სტრესი — შესაძლებელია „დაიბეჭდოს" უჯრედულ დონეზე.

ეს ცვლილებები გადაეცემა არა მხოლოდ ერთი ადამიანის ცხოვრების მანძილზე, არამედ შესაძლოა — თაობიდან თაობასაც.

 

მაგალითად, ჰოლოკოსტიდან გადარჩენილი ადამიანების შვილებში აღინიშნება სტრესის ჰორმონების რეგულაციის დარღვევა, რაც ცხადყოფს, რომ ტრავმული მეხსიერება გადაცემადია არა გენების მეშვეობით, არამედ ეპიგენეტიკური მექანიზმებით.

 

რატომ არის ეს მნიშვნელოვანი ფსიქოთერაპიაში?

ფსიქოლოგიური თერაპიები, განსაკუთრებით ისეთი ინტეგრაციული მიდგომები, როგორიცაა RPT (Rapid  Personal  Transformation), ემყარება ეპიგენეტიკის პრინციპებს.

RPT-ს ერთ-ერთი მთავარი იდეაა, რომ თუ ტრავმულ გამოცდილებას შეუძლია გენების აქტივობის შეცვლა, მაშინ პოზიტიური ემოციურ გამოცდილებასაც შეუძლია ამისი უკუეფექტი — ანუ შესაძლებელი ხდება სხეულის "ნეირო-ბიოლოგიური ხელახალი კოდირება".

 

ეპიგენეტიკის მეშვეობით შესაძლებელი ხდება დავინახოთ, რომ ადამიანი არ არის მის გენეტიკაზე მიჯაჭვული. პირიქით — ჩვენი ცნობიერება, ემოციური მდგომარეობა და განკურნების სურვილი ზემოქმედებს ჩვენს ბიოლოგიაზე.

 

და ეს რეალობაა!!! 

 

ამგვარად, ეპიგენეტიკა წარმოადგენს ხიდს ჩვენს ბიოლოგიასა და ფსიქიკას შორის. ის აჩვენებს, რომ ჩვენ შეგვიძლია ვაქციოთ ჩვენი ცხოვრებისეული გამოცდილება არა სასჯელად და ტანჯვად, არამედ სიღრმისეული ტრანსფორმაციის ინსტრუმენტად.

ჩვენი ემოციური მდგომარეობა, როგორც მემკვიდრეობა, შეიძლება გადაეცეს შთამომავლობას — და შესაბამისად, ჩვენი განკურნება, ასევე, შესაძლებელია გახდეს ახალი, ჯანმრთელი თაობის საწყისი.

 

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