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ქალაქის გამწვანება და ჯანმრთელობისთვის სახიფათო ხეები | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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ქალაქის გამწვანება და ჯანმრთელობისთვის სახიფათო ხეები

თარიღი: 13 აპრილი, 2023

რა უნდა გავითვალისწინოთ , ქალაქის გამწვანებისთვის

მსოფლიოს მოსახლეობის დაახლოებით 50 % ქალაქშია დასახლებული, ურბანიზაციას  მუდმივად მზარდი ტენდეცია აქვს და ვარაუდობენ რომ  2050 წლისთვის 70 % - მდე გაიზრდება. ჯანმრთელობის მსოფლიო ორგანიზაციის რეკომენდაციით თითოეულ ქალაქს უნდა ჰქონდეს მინიმუმ 9 კვადრატული მეტრი მწვანე სივრცე 1 მოსახლეზე გათვლილი.

 

ჯანმრთელობისთვის განსაკუთებით დიდი მნიშვნელობა აქვს მწვანე სივრცის არსებობას, სუფთა ჰაერი, ხმაურის შემცირება, ფიზიკური აქტივობა, დაკავშირებულია ნაკლებ სტრესთან, გულ-სიხლძარღვთა, სასუნთქი სისტემის დაავადებების შემცირებასთან. დადებითად მოქმედებს იმუნურ სისტემასა და მეტაბოლიზმზე, ორსულობის გამოსავალსა და მენტალურ ჯანმრთელობაზე. თუმცა, ზოგიერთ მცენარეს შეუძლია ალერგიული დაავადებების მატება, ამიტომ დიდი მნიშვნელობა აქვს სწორად შეირჩეს მასიურად რა დაირგოს. მნიშვნელოვანია იყოს ნაკლებად ალერგიული, არატოქსიური, შთანთქავდეს მავნე აირებს და გამოჰყოფდეს მეტ ჟანგბადს, გამძლე იყოს ჰაერის დამაბინძურებლების მიმართ და ცოცხლობდეს ხანგრძლივად!

მაღალ ალერგენულად ითვლება ქარით დამტვერვადი მცენარეები. ისინი ჰაერში ავრცელებენ მილიონობით მტვრის მარცვალს.

 

ხეებიდან ძლიერ ალერგიულია:

• კვიპაროსი

• არყი

• ზეთისხილის ხე

 

ქალაქის გამწვანებისთვის საუკეთესოა:

- ცაცხვი 

- ნორვეგიული ნეკერჩხალი (Acer platanoides-ლეკა), ასევე სხვა სახეობები Acer campestre-ჩვეულებრივი ნეკერჩხალი, Ace ibericum-ქართული ნეკერჩხალი, წითელი ნეკერჩხალი (ლათ. Acer rubrum), შაქრის ნეკერჩხალი (ლათ. Acer saccharum). 
(მხოლოდ იფანფოთოლა ნეკერჩხალია ძლიერ ალერგიული Acer negundo)

- აკაკის ხე (სამხრეთის აკაკი (ლათ. Celtis australis), კავკასიური (ლათ. Celtis caucasica)

- თელა

- დუგლასის ცრუცუგა

დაბალ ალერგიულია, თუმცა დაბინძურებული ჰაერის მიმართ ნაკლებად გამძლე ფიჭვი, ნაძვი, სოჭი, ვერხვი, კატალპა,

ტირიფი, ვაშლის, ალუბლის, ნუში ხე, ევკალიპტი.

 

საშუალოდ ალერგიულია ჭადარი, მისი ყვავილობა კვიპაროსთან შედარებით ხანმოკლეა, თბილისის გამწვანებასა და ჰაერის გასუფთავებაში მნიშვნელოვანი როლი აკისრია. ჭადარი, ყვავილობის დასრულების შემდეგ, ბუსუსების სახით ავრცელებს თესლს, რაც შეცდომით ხშირად ალერგენად მიიჩნევა, თუმცა, ამ პერიოდში იწყებს ყვავილობას ძლიერ ალერგიული ბალახი, რომელიც ძირითადი მიზეზია ალერგიული დაავადებების გამწვავების.

საქართველოში ჩატარებული კლვევით,  ალერგიული დაავადებების გამწავევების ყველაზე ხშირი მიზეზი ხეებიდან კვიპაროსია. მოსახლეობის დაახლოებით 0.6%-დან  9.8%-ს აღენიშნება კვიპაროსის მიმართ მომატებული მგრძნობელობა, ხოლო ალერგიული პაციენტების 9% -დან 35% - ს.

კვიპაროსის მიმართ ალერგიული დაავადებების გამოვლენის მატება მოსახლეობაში, ერთის მხრივ აიხსნება კვიპაროსის დარგვის ინტენსივობით, მეორე კლიმატის ცვლილებით, რაც უფრო თბილია კლიმატი ხანგრძლივდება მცენარეთა ყვავილობის სეზონი.

 

წყარო: 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33658417/

http://www.vidal.ge/posts/kviparosi-da-alergia