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სახსრების ანთება - ართრიტი | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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სახსრების ანთება - ართრიტი

თარიღი: 21 იანვარი, 2021

ართრიტი სახსრების ანთებაა, რომელიც სახსრის 100-ზე მეტ სხვადასხვა პათოლოგიას აერთიანებს. მათ შორის ორი ყველაზე გავრცელებული ფორმაა - ოსტეოართრიტი და რევმატოიდული ართრიტი.

ართრიტის სიმპტომები როგორც წესი ეტაპობრივად ვითარდება, თუმცა იშვიათ შემთხვევებში შესაძლოა მოულოდნელადაც გამოვლინდეს. იგი ჩვეულებრივ გვხვდება 65 წლის ზემოთ ადამიანებში, მაგრამ არსებობს ბავშვებსა და ახალგაზრდებში განვითარების საკმაოდ მაღალი ალბათობაც. ართრიტი ქალებში უფრო ხშირად გვხვდება ვიდრე კაცებში, ასევე გავრცელებულია ჭარბწონიან ადამიანებში.

სიმპტომები
სახსრების ტკივილი, შებოჭილობა და შესივება ართრიტის ყველაზე გავრცელებული ნიშნებია. ასევე შესაძლოა გამოიწვიოს მოძრაობის გართულება და სახსრის ირგვლივ კანის შეწითლება. ხშირ შემთხვევაში ართრიტის ნიშნები ბევრად უფრო აშკარად არის გამოხატული დილით.

რევმატოიდული ართრიტის ნიშნებია დაღლილობა და უმადობა, გარდა ამისა ანთებითი პროცესის გამო ირღვევა იმუნური სისტემის ფუნქციონირება.  შესაძლოა აგრეთვე გამოვლინდეს ანემია, სისხლის წითელი უჯრედების შემცირება. თუ რევმატოიდული ართრიტის მკურნალობა არ მოხდება დროულად, დაავადება იწვევს სახსრების დეფორმაციას.

გამომწვევი მიზეზები
სახსრის მნიშვნელოვანი შემადგენელი ნაწილია ხრტილოვანი ქსოვილი, რომლის განლევაც იწვევს სხვადასხვა ტიპის ართრიტს.

ხრტილოვანი ქსოვილის დაზიანება შესაძლოა მოხდეს გარეგანი ტრავმით ან ინფექციებით, დაავადება ასევე ვრცელდება გენეტიკურად, თაობებს შორის. აუტოიმუნური დარღვევები ართრიტის გამომწვევი კიდევ ერთი მიზეზია, რადგან იმუნური სისტემის დაქვეითება აზიანებს ქსოვილებს, მათ შორის სახსრის სინოვიურ აბგას (სითხით სავსე ღრუ, რომელიც მოძრაობის დროს ამცირებს ხახუნს და ხელს უწყობს სახსრის მოძრაობას).

მკურნალობა
ართრიტის მკურნალობის მთავარი მიზანია დაავადებისგან გამოწვეული ტკივილის შეჩერება და შესაძლო გართულებების თავიდან აცილება.

ქირურგიული ჩარევის შემთხვევაში ხდება დაზიანებული სახსრის ხელოვნური სახსრით ჩანაცვლება. ამ მეთოდს ძირითადად მუხლისა და მენჯ-ბარძაყის სახსრების დაზიანების შემთხვევაში მიმართავენ. თითებისა და მაჯის სახსრის დაზიანების დროს კი გამოიყენება ანთების საწინააღმდეგო პრეპარატები, ასევე ჰორმონული და ფიზიოთერაპია.

დაზიანებული სახსრის ირგვლივ კუნთების გამაგრება მკურნალობის მნიშვნელოვანი ნაწილია, სწორედ ამიტომ როგორც უკვე აღვნიშნეთ ხშირად მიმართავენ ფიზიკური თერაპიის პროცედურებსაც.

დაავადების პრევენციის გზები
ჭარბი წონის კლება მნიშვნელოვანი ფაქტორია ართრიტის თავიდან აცილებისათვის. გარდა ამისა ჯანმრთელი საკვები - ცოცხალი ხილი, ბოსტნეული, თევზი და თხილი დიდ გავლენას ახდენს ანთებითი პროცესის შეჩერებაზე.

თუ გაქვთ ართრიტი, რეკომენდებულია შეზღუდოთ ან არ მიიღოთ შემწვარი და გადამუშავებული საკვები, რძის ნაწარმი და დიდი რაოდენობით ხორცპროდუქტები.

თუ ფიქრობთ რომ გაქვთ ართრიტის ნიშნები, აუცილებლად მიმართეთ ექიმს, რადგან დაავადების დროული დიაგნოსტირება და მკურნალობა თავიდან აგარიდებთ შესაძლო გართულებებს.